Mechanochemical solid state synthesis of copper(I)/NHC complexes with K₃PO₄

• Ina Remy-Speckmann,
• Birte M. Zimmermann,
• Mahadeb Gorai,
• Martin Lerch and
• Johannes F. Teichert

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 440–447, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.34

• been shown to be active in a variety of reduction/hydrogenation transformations employing dihydrogen as terminal reducing agent. Keywords: ball mill; bifunctional catalysis; catalytic hydrogenations; copper; mechanochemical synthesis; N-heterocyclic carbenes; Introduction Prominent goals of green

• removed in order to maintain reproducible results in subsequent catalytic hydrogenations [48]. We deemed this synthetic route unattractive with regards to sustainable synthesis due to the silver waste generated in the process and sought to replace the transmetallation route with a more atom economic

• the standard reactions for catalytic hydrogenations with copper(I)/NHC complexes [4]. In this vein, we tested complex 5 from solid and liquid phase synthesis in the catalytic hydrogenation of esters, carbonyl compounds and in the semihydrogenation of alkynes. In the catalytic hydrogenation of ethyl

Continuous-flow processes for the catalytic partial hydrogenation reaction of alkynes

• Carmen Moreno-Marrodan,
• Francesca Liguori and
• Pierluigi Barbaro

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 734–754, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.73

• , selective liquid phase flow processes for the fine-chemicals synthesis, including partial hydrogenations, usually requires a more intimate contact with the heterogeneous catalyst to be efficient. One example is the so-called "confinement effect" found in mesoporous catalytic materials [77][78]. Catalytic

• hydrogenations are conveniently achieved under flow using fixed bed devices, wherein the size of the inner diameter of reactor channels distinguishes between micro (10–500 μm) or mesofluidic (500 μm up to several mm) reactors [79][80]. This size range may allow for the production of mg to tens of tons of target